Electronic Devices and Circuits

Wireless Resonant Energy Link

2011-08-16T11:17:00.000-07:00

In the experiments have been done by Intel, efficiency has already reached 75 percent. This figure is already very large. However, from the side of the world's energy crisis, the figures were still too small. Intel's research head, Rattner, explaining that the energy wasted is still a big if not done charging. "The level of high efficiency becomes a problem on WREL ( Wireless Resonant Energy Link ), it is almost impossible to be realized."

Levels of efficiency also depends on the alignment of coil and coil wire. When the receiver is rotated slightly, the efficiency decreased dramatically. This is to be avoided by researchers. They replace the coil wires with sensors and microchips that can adjust the resonance in a magnetic field is better

"Electricity could come from the kitchen cupboard," said Justin Rattner. "So, you no longer need to plug the Espresso machine." WREL The transmitter can also be mounted in the wall to supply power to all electronic devices that are in a magical zone. The desk can also be useful to supply and charge the battery all the devices in the vicinity

How to make PCB ( Printed circuit board )

2010-06-23T22:49:00.000-07:00

How to make the following PCB 's experience is the most practical way, besides the cost is cheap, the results are equally interesting and neatly than with how to write directly with a permanent marker, Sablon (Rugos or stencil paint), or media use Transfer Paper (original) the price is quite expensive.
Most people are probably already familiar with this method, but for those who have not used it never hurts to try, especially when the path is now designing the PCB has been very easy to
do with computers.
Materials and equipment that must be prepared are:
1. Laser Jet Printer (Ink Toner) if none can use the Copy results
2. Paper (former) wall calendar that does not wrinkle
3. PCB board
4. Sandpaper smooth paper (abrasive paper)
5. Electric iron
6. Ferri Cloride (FeCl3)
7. PCB Drill
8. Knife (Cutter)
9. Ruler (stainless steel)
10. Permanent markers (if needed)
11. Computers + Software one (TraxMaker, Protel, Eagle, DipTrace, ExpressPCB etc.)

The transfer paths to the PCB board
• Images from the program printed to paper used PCB Calendar (of course the side that are still empty, try the paper calendar is still selected net).
• If the printer toner is not present, then be printed to plain paper and then on Copy
• After a print to paper calendars and ensure that no broken lines, cut out the pictures PCB approximately 2-3mm beyond the line drawings.
• Cut with a knife PCB Cutter PCB size image recently in-print,
align the edge of the PCB until smooth and not sharp.
• Sand the entire surface of the PCB while wetted with water, do the process
sanding by turning it clockwise until clean, then dry.
• Heat Iron, set the thermostat approximately one quarter.
• Position the image above PCB PCB board, PCB line (toner ink) is facing the PCB board (copper).
• Above the calendar paper cover with plain paper, so there in the calendar Text
Iron could not bind to the surface.
• Press the iron is slightly stronger than a thick paper that had been coated with plain paper until about 30 seconds until the picture attached to the PCB board and do the polish evenly to the surface of another.
• The time required during the process of iron + / - 3 minutes, do not let more than
4 minutes, because if too long is usually the picture will be widened / fade.
• After the paper calendar attached to the PCB and PCB board with a way cool
in the wind-wind, never directly immersed into the water or curl with
cold air conditioning, an image (toner) can be peeled off when entered in processes
next.
• If it's really cold, PCB board to soak in water for + / - 15 s / d
30 minutes, depending on the thick / thin paper calendar, until the paper calendar
appear wet on the inner surface, usually if you use paper
thin calendar, paper will peel (floats) on its own.
• Remove the paper calendar slowly by hand until images / lines appear, then gradually clean up the remnants of paper that still sticks with the help of an old toothbrush, especially of paper stuck in the holes / pads between the components and pathways to net.
• If there is an end point, just use permanent marker to cover it.

PCB dissolution process.
• Enter Cloride Ferric (FeCl3) to taste into a plastic container (at least one pack of the packaging), and enter the hot water / warm enough + / - 100ml (half cup), until completely dissolved with water.
• Insert into the PCB board Cloride Ferri solution (FeCl3) before, and so the process is much faster, help with how to rattle the container.
• As observed if the PCB board has been completely dissolved, that is not covered by a copper image / toner, then lift and clean the PCB board with
running water (tap water).
• To clean the image / toners, rubbing sandpaper as he slowly poured the water faucet until completely clean.
• Check again whether there is an end point.
• Drill PCB board according to the foot of the components (0.8 mm up to 1.5 mm)
• Clean the PCB board.
• PCB board ready to be installed components.

Bicycle dynamo powered mobile phone charger

2010-06-10T23:09:00.000-07:00

Cheap mobile phones Nokia launched four new models, and a dynamo powered mobile phone charger homemade bike first, to help protect its dominant market share in emerging markets.

Nokia controls over 50 percent of sales of mobile phones in India and Africa and has strong positions in new markets.

"Tens of millions of these products will be sold, but the competition becomes more intense because the
Chinese vendors aggressively targeting the low cost," said Ben Wood, research director at CCS Insight, told Reuters.

"All the focus on the failure of the smart phone and forget that Nokia is a force in the entry-level product."

Nokia has to compete with other competitors like Apple and RIM in the high-end market, but its failure to offer smart phones have hurt its stock price over the last few months.

Four new mobile phone models sold cheap, are including service and government tax subsidies. Cell phone prices, ranging from 30 euros (36.9 dollars) to 45 euros.

Two new phones with the cheapest price of 30 euros, allows you to use two different SIM cards - to help share the telephone communication between family members or friends.

Nokia also introduced the battery charger (charger) that adopts the workings of a bicycle dynamo is designed for consumers with access to electricity is limited and may be sold for 15 euros, depending on the market, at the end of this year, said a company spokesman.

Charger shaped bicycle dynamo - as a source of electrical power - it can be mounted on bicycle wheels and allows users to charge the phone while driving a mode of transportation at the oars.

Fertility Testing Kits

2010-02-11T06:22:00.000-08:00

You're curious to test the sperm, but ashamed to come to the doctor or lab? In the future, his own sperm test at home is not an impossible thing. The experts in the Netherlands offers a solution by creating a male fertility testing kits that can practically be done at home.

Admittedly, these tools are useful. However, the question arises about the ethical use of the tool if without getting input from the professionals. The reason that the manual counting method is reliable as always accompanied by an expert or a doctor's consultation. It is feared that, without consultation, the tool can actually hurt.

Generally, men slightly embarrassed to check the sperm quality in addition to the procedure, the analysis also takes a long time in the lab. Ejaculate sperm analysis results should begin at the same hour. That is, unless the patient's fertility clinic next door to, he could not prepare the sperm sample from home and must live "produce" in the lab, too. After the samples submitted to the lab, took a long time to perform manual counting method.

"With our system, we can solve the problem," said Segerink.
According to him, his findings chip just need 12 seconds to get the results and the degree of possible error with the manual counting method. Tool that could be used in fertility center hospital, but also can be adapted so that there are variations of a cheap and practical that can be used at home.

On the other hand, Michael Dunn, medical ethics researcher at Oxford University, expressed concern. "There is a risk to the patient if they are not given the relevant information about the impact of positive results sterility," he said.

That is, if it turns out the patient's outcome was barren, she should be given appropriate information so that not one of perception.

Equipment such medical examiners were now needed. Another example is Hywel Morgan and his partners from the University of Southhampton who developed a more practical tool to test viral infection and anemia only from a speck of blood.

"This tool allows the distribution of health services to the public," Morgan said, "However, if you're diagnosing the disease, the results (test of the instrument) must be handled properly

Dinamo 72 Watt Standard

2010-01-31T08:52:00.000-08:00

Dynamo starter had a standard Yamaha Mio 2 ohm loop resistance. In accordance with the size of the wire windings are 0.8 mm. If using 12-volt battery, use power formulas can be known dynamo strength.

From the formula P = V x I've obtained V = 12 volts. Live to find out the price I (amperes). Formula can be found from the voltage V = I x R or I = V / R. R means the resistance of a unit of ohms.

DVB-T Receiver

2010-01-24T04:07:00.000-08:00

The latest development wireless technology has encouraged a change in the entertainment business, one of which is dominated by television. Television broadcast standards will be replaced at least in two years with a new digital television broadcast standard using Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T). DVB-T modulation multiakses using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to broadcast the signal through the air as the wireless media.

* EPG (Electronic Program Guide) Ready
* Sub-Title
* Teletext
* Parental Lock
* Favourite Channel List
* Signal Strength Indicator
* Sleep Timer
* OSD Language
* Digital Video Broadcast Teristrial Set Top Box
* EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
* Teletext
* Parental Lock
* Favorite Channel List
* Signal Strength Indicator
* Sleep Timer
* OSD Language (Indonesia / English)
* Video MPEG 2
* Aspect Ratio 4:3/16:9
* AC 220 V
* Power Consumption 6 w
* Frequency Mode 470-862 Mhz
* Bandwidth 8 m
* Demodulator Mode COFDM : 2K/8K
* YUV Output
* Video Output
* Audio Output
* Optical Output

When received at the user acceptance, broadcast signals contain noise caused disability, reflections, etc.. These defects caused a shift in time and frequency signals. OFDM, on the other hand, have excess to compensate for and correct deficiencies by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) in front of each symbol of the signal.

When received at the user acceptance, broadcast signals contain noise caused disability, reflections, etc.. These defects caused a shift in time and frequency signals. OFDM, on the other hand, have excess to compensate for and correct deficiencies by adding a cyclic prefix (CP) in front of each symbol of the signal.

At the receiver, after the antenna and the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), Synchronizer module is required to correct the time and frequency shifts that occur during transmission. This final task is intended to design Synchronizer hardware modules that can be tested and verified using specific models. The results of this final task can be synthesized and integrated into the module DVB-T is greater.

Synchronizer design process is largely based on algorithms from Synchronizer WiMAX has been developed previously. Even so, Synchronizer DVB-T has no frame and the detection can only signify the beginning of the symbol.

The end result of this project is designed Synchronizer still has a little error frequency compensation. Until the end, these errors can still be verified because the reference output can still be improved as a whole. However, the overall function meets the basic objectives of the synchronization algorithm

Personal Digital Assistants

2010-01-19T11:21:00.000-08:00

Personal Digital Assistants PDA is an abbreviated electronic devices and computer-based small form small hand and can be carried everywhere. Inside berbgai also consists of sophisticated features. such as calculators, clocks and time pointer, computer games, The access the Internet, (e-mail), radio, video, and memo recorder, e-books, using the GPS and, internet access, intranet, or extranet via Wi-Fi or Wireless Network . One characteristic of the most important PDA was touch-screen facility.

PDA is different from the communicator. When the PDA tends to widen, the communicator tends lengthwise. Monitor up to three inches in diameter with a touch screen system (touch screens), become one of the typical Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). To operate the PDA, can use the touch screen, stylus or keypad. PDA also has an office application (office rich. Ecxel Applications such as, Word, Powerpoint or PDA Spreadseed buried. Followed with the latest applications, such as document viewer.

PC Development

2010-01-19T10:55:00.000-08:00

Computer users has grown in recent years. In fact, the number of computers currently estimated to have penetrated a 1 billion units.
Calculated according to Gartner analyst institutions. Each year, Gartner predicts the development of the number of PCs in the world reached about 12 percent.
And if these numbers continue, then in the year 2014 the number of PCs is estimated to be spread jumped to 2 billion units. It was a fantastic amount.
Luis Anavitarte, vice president of Gartner said, developing countries will take more roles in the surge of this PC.
"Moreover, governments in many developing countries have committed to minimize the digital divide by promoting more use of PCs to their people, including the layer of lower-class society," he added.
On the one hand, increase in the number of circulating PC can indeed be a positive means of equitable use of technology, but on the other side to consider is the balance of the amount of recycled PCs. Because, if only a waste, electronic equipment is feared will be a waste even be harmful to the environment.
Gartner's own estimates that more than 180 million PCs will be 'removed' owner to be replaced with new ones this year. So you can imagine how much electronic waste that would result if the device is not recycled.

Load Generator

2010-01-17T07:15:00.000-08:00

Electricity as we know it is a secondary form of energy the most practical use by humans, in which electricity is produced from energy conversion processes of primary energy sources such as coal, petroleum, gas, geothermal, water and energy potential of wind.
Power generation systems that have been commonly used is an AC voltage generator engines, where the main mover can type turbine engines, diesel engines or propeller engines. In the operation of power plants with a generator, because the reliability factors and fluctuations in the load, provided two or more generators are operated with constant duty, reserve and turns to these generators.

Provision of a single generator for continuous operation is a risky thing, except when rotating with the source of PLN or UPS equipment.
To meet the increased electrical load generators are operated in parallel between the generator or generators in parallel with other sources of supply for example greater than PLN.
Thus it is also necessary electrical load divider means to prevent any source of electricity generators working primarily parallel experience more burden precedes the other
Generator Operating In Parallel

Electricity supply to the load begins to turn a generator, then gradually added weight to the ability of the generator, then turn on again the next generator and generator memparalelkan the first to bear the burden even greater. When the second generator paralleled with the first generator is expected to bear the burden of sharing the burden borne by the generator which had been the first, resulting in ease of cooperation before the next burdens included.

How big is the load distribution incurred by each generator, which works in parallel will depend on the amount of input fuel and combustion air for diesel engines, when the main diesel engine drive or if the engines driving the other depending on the number (debit) of water into water turbines , the number (enthalpy) of steam / gas to the turbine steam / gas or air flow to the engine propeller.
Number of input fuel / air, water vapor / gas or air flow is controlled by the equipment or the governor-driven valve which receives signals from the change in electrical frequency is stable at 50Hz,
which is equivalent to changing rotation (rpm) engine electric generator prime mover. When electrical load increase the frequency will decrease, so that governors must increase the input (fuel / air, water, steam / gas or air flow) to the main drive engine to increase its frequency until the frequency returned to normal electricity. Conversely if the load down, governor machines should reduce the input power the fuel / air, water, water vapor / gas or air flow to the engines that drive spins down to its normal cycle or frequency returned to normal at 50 Hz. If there is no governor the machine prime mover overspeed generator will experience a sudden fall when the load or will experience electrical overload when the load increases.

Principle Tool Generator Load Dividers

Governor operate on machines that drive generators to produce output currents can be adjusted from 0% to 100% capacity. So the input to the engine output drive current is proportional to the generator or in other words the governor setting to 0% to 100% proportional to the flow generator with a 0% to 100% in voltage and constant frequency.
Governor hydraulic work / mechanical, while the input signal from the output of the electrical current generator, so that this input should be changed to using elektric mechanical actuators to move the electric motors that produce mechanical motion required by the governor.

In some generators that operate in parallel, as previously identified voltage, frequency, and sequence phasa different phasanya, changes in electrical load will not be felt by each generator in the amount of voltage and frequency for the load is still below the total capacity of the parallel, so that the voltage and frequency is not used as a signal source for the governor.

Was used for the current output of each signal generator as a source of burden sharing parallel system such generators.
When paralleled generators burden sharing has not balanced / proportional to the ability of each generator. Load generator tool distributor is attached to each generator output circuit, and each distributor load devices are connected in parallel with the next one with a cable to add signal output current of each generator and the summing signal flow capacity of each generator.

Generator output current detected by means of dividing the load will be the governor's position clue how%, or currents through what% of generator capacity. Results for the sum of the currents detected by means of dividing the load by the number of current generators the ability to operate in parallel multiplied by 100 (%) is the governor's position value to be achieved by each prime mover engine that produces output currents proprosional and in accordance with their capabilities each generator.

If the size of the generator as the amount of current detected by each instrument load divider is divided by the number of generator load current that must be produced by a generator after governornya modified by the electric actuator that receives signals from the instrument as soon as the quota burden paralleled generators.

Technical Installation

In practice the load divider tool fitted with the help of generator components such as the following: current transformer, voltage transformer (as the power supply), electric actuators, speed control potentiometer and switches help. See pengkabelannya diagram in Figure 1.
1. Current transformer transducer functions as a generator output current to flow for the appropriate signal to the load generator tool distributor (usually a maximum of 5 A or 100% = maximum generator capacity)
2. Voltage transformer serves as a resource for the load divider tool, generally with a voltage 110 V AC, 50 Hz; assisted adapter for DC voltage.
3. Electric actuators are devices that receive signals from the load distributor means so as to move the DC motors in the governor until the generator output current reaches the expected.
4. Speed control potentiometer is a primary tool to regulate the frequency and voltage when the generator will be parallel or in the process of synchronization. Voltage is generally set by the AVR, so that the voltage fluctuation is only influenced by the mover engine rotational speed. After the generator is operated paralelkan or already in sync with what has been in operation and closed MCCB generator, speed control potentiometer function was taken over by means of dividing the load generator. To more accurately setting the synchronization speed in the process manually, there is usually a potentiometer and the potentiometer regulating regulator smooth rough.
5. In the automatic control system pemaralelan generators can be made by SPM (pemaralel generator module) by regulating voltage and frequency output of the generator, and then match the voltage and frequency with which the system is working automatically, after the match to give closure to the MCCB signal generator so that the join in parallel operation . To match the voltage and frequency can be seen in one panel is used with synchronous for some generators where each generator has a switch panel as well synchronized his SPM.

In Figure 2 indicated the use of a generator load divider in a control system of power generators, machine controls and management burden activator. (File power generation control).
f. The switches help to divide the load generator tool serves as a manual distribution process (release & capture) load by a generator which operates in parallel systems. For example, * the switch 1 is closed to minimize the diesel fuel that is released .* burden to switch into 3 covered in class speed (rated speed) which means taking the load from the generator to the electrical load lightened.
After the generators operate in parallel, generators with a load divider always responded actively raising any action or decrease in electrical load, so that each generator bear the burden with the same percentage measured by the ability of each
Conclusion

1. Load generator tool distributor is a uniform automated equipment operations in the governor power to raise or lower the engine or generator power according to load changes, and very necessary if you have more than two generators with different characteristics that operate in parallel.
2. By means of dividing the load generators, each generator has a usage factor (divided by the maximum load capacity of the generator) the same and small, which means good.
3. Load changes due to income or expenditure of the parallel system generator generators will be felt equally by each generator in the system they will, without overload or overspeed.
4. Load generator tool distributors can only be applied to the engine generator-set that has the governor and could be developed for control systems such further control by a distributed control system (DCS)

PS3 Slim

2010-01-04T10:08:00.000-08:00

PS3 Slim is one of the Sony effort to reduce the size and cost of the PS3 original. But now it seems Sony was thinking to innovate further.

Masayuki Chatani, from the Sony Computer Entertaiment said that they plan to further decrease the longer version of the PS3 Slim, not only that, Masayuki said that they were also looking for a solution to the problem size HDD. One alternative is to use "flash memory" in the PS3, which in addition to reducing the size, also can reduce the "noise level" in the console

Meanwhile, the other alternative is to use the PlayStation Network to save game data fully, personal files and settings. A bit similar to how Gmail. Unfortunately, according to Masayuki, after further thought both those options would make the price too high compared to the PS3 storage needs, hence they planned to continue using the HDD as usual.

Masayuki also said, that when compared with the PS2 Slim, is far smaller than the PS2 original, it allows for more down the size of the PS3 Slim, but to do so, Power Supply console should be placed on the outside, like PS2 Slim, where it This will be a little difficult if you want to shift the console.

Playstation 3 (PS3)

2010-01-03T10:10:00.000-08:00

Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA), Inc.. today announced the launch of new models of Playstation 3 (PS3), the 80 GB model. Starting this August, the new PS3 model will be sold in America with a retail price of $ 599, and will sell a package with a car racing game MotorStorm title was given the ability to play online.

With features hard disk drive (HDD) is expanded, 80 GB PS3 is designed to attract the interest of online gamers and fans of digital entertainment world, which will provide greater space to download more games or to store content downloaded from the Playstation Network . MotorStorm given in this package allows 80 GB of 12 players to play online at once, in a car racing game on the ground with visuals extraordinary.

Both PS3 models have Cell Broadband Engine (TM) (Cell / BE), Blu-ray Disc (TM) (BD) player, an integrated HDD in it, 1080p
high-definition output, Wi-Fi connection, and the SIXAXIS wireless controller (TM).

Electronic Waste

2010-01-02T22:33:00.001-08:00

People today are familiar with the changing habits of electronic goods such as computers, hp, laptops, television, or radio. But has it ever crossed our minds, would where secondhand goods that we remove it?

Electronic Computer

2009-10-08T04:22:00.000-07:00

Guiyu cities in mainland China is home to a cottage industry of 5500 to process the parts of the electronics used, known as e-waste (electronic waste). Based on data from local sites, the region annually process around 1.5 million pounds of waste consisting of waste computers, mobile phones and other electronic devices. The industry became a lucrative job opportunities for people in Guiyu.

Most mobile phones and old computer equipment can be dismantled and the metal components in it is recycled, but the running of this recycling process is safe requires a very long time.
Therefore many electronics manufacturers are sending out electronic former country, where These tools were burned regardless of Environmental and human health in the vicinity.

Almost 80% of discarded electronic equipment is processed comes from outside China, particularly fromAmerica, the only industrial country that refused to sign the Basel treaty designed to regulate hazardous waste exports to developing countries for recycling.

They chose an electronic trash in Guiyu and other similar places in India and the region Africa, because the cost is cheaper and easier mechanism, where the company is not bound recycling regulations are strict. Of electronic waste processing business, the site Guiyu reported annual revenue of about 75 million dollars.

They are processing electronic waste by separating each section and group them, then
retrieve content of tin, gold, copper and other metals from circuit boards, cables, chips and Another part of the electronic device. In the photo on a worker was heating board computers on the metal layer to strip tin solderan of computer chips.

This small industry employing 10,000 people mostly under-age. Imaginable
result of electronic components that contain mercury and toxins harmful to them.
Medical reports from the area mentioned Guiyu many children who suffer because of the high levels of environmental pollution due to lead. Later reports from Shantou University, Guiyu have high levels of cancer patients caused by the dioxins highest in the world and the increase in cases of miscarriage in pregnant women.

These industries produce a lot of environmental pollution because of waste processed, especially dust from burning coal is directly discharged into rivers and sewers of the city, causing pollution of water wells and ground water.

Seeing the pictures above we may be more sensible and wise in buying and using electronics products, buy that suit their needs and also consider the age of use, which can reduce the volume of waste generated. Purchased products only from manufacturers that produce environmentally friendly products

a Fire Alarm Circuit

2009-10-07T23:07:00.001-07:00

When a fire broke out at room temperature increases. It is very compact and low cost fire alarm senses fire based on this fact.
BC177 transistor (Q1) is used as a sensor fire here. As the temperature increases transistor leakage current is also increased. This circuit is designed so that when there is increased leakage currents Q1, transistor Q2 will be biased. As a result there is a fire escape when the transistor Q2 will be in. The emitter of Q2 (BC 108) is connected to the base Q3 (AC 128). Thus, when Q2 is ON Q3 will also be ON. Q3 relay drive transistors used to drive the load ie, lights, bells, horns, etc. as an indication of the fire. Diode D1 is used as a diode to encourage free to protect her from the back EMF generated when the relay is activated.

Circuit diagram with Parts list.

Note.

* The preset R1 can be used for the desired temperature level to set the alarm ON.
* This is not an alarm attached, ie: when the temperature around the sensor decreases below the set point the alarm stops.
* The circuit can be supported by using 9V battery or 9V battery eliminator.
* All electrolytic capacitors and must be given a minimum value of 10V.
* Load can be connected through C, NC, NO points of the relay according to your needs.
* The calibration can be done by using soldering iron, and thermo-meter. Switch ON the power soldering iron tip supply.Keep near Q1. The same time keep the thermometer close to it. When the temperature reaches the desired value to adjust R1 so that you will relay ON

Variable DC Power Supply

2009-10-06T18:19:00.000-07:00

Voltage range: 0.7 - 24V
Current limiting range: 50mA - 2A

Parts:

P1____________500R Linear Potentiometer
P2_____________10K Log. Potentiometer

R1,R2___________2K2 1/2W Resistors
R3____________330R 1/4W Resistor
R4____________150R 1/4W Resistor
R5______________1R 5W Resistor

C1___________3300µF 35V Electrolytic Capacitor (see Notes)
C2______________1µF 63V Polyester Capacitor

D1,D2________1N5402 200V 3A Diodes
D3_____________5mm. Red LED

Q1____________BC182 50V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2____________BD139 80V 1.5A NPN Transistor
Q3____________BC212 50V 100mA PNP Transistor
Q4 __________2N3055 60V 15A NPN Transistor

T1_____________220V Primary, 36V Center-tapped Secondary
50VA Mains transformer (see Notes)

PL1____________Male Mains plug

SW1____________SPST Mains switch

Device purpose:

A Variable DC Power Supply is one of the most useful tools on the electronics hobbyist’s workbench. This circuit is not an absolute novelty, but it is simple, reliable, “rugged” and short-proof, featuring variable voltage up to 24V and variable current limiting up to 2A. Well suited to supply the circuits shown in this website. You can adapt it to your own requirements as explained in the notes below.
Notes:

* P1 sets the maximum output current you want to be delivered by the power supply at a given output voltage.
* P2 sets the output voltage and must be a logarithmic taper type, in order to obtain a more linear scale voltage indication.
* You can choose the Transformer on the grounds of maximum voltage and current output needed. Best choices are: 36, 40 or 48V center-tapped and 50, 75, 80 or 100VA.
* Capacitor C1 can be 2200 to 6800µF, 35 to 50V.
* Q4 must be mounted on a good heatsink in order to withstand sustained output short-circuit. In some cases the rear panel of the metal box in which you will enclose the circuit can do the job.
* The 2N3055 transistor (Q4) can be replaced with the slightly less powerful TIP3055 type.

Mainboard

2009-10-03T11:46:00.000-07:00

Mainboard is a place where the CPU components in the mix! mainboard is very important because if there is no computer mainboard it will not be created!
Motherboard or collectively, the Parent Board serves to place all the major instruments such as the CPU.
motherboard form an electronic circuit board. The motherboard is the place passed thatched data. The motherboard connects all the computer equipment and make it work together so that the computer running smoothly.

Know Your Electronic Equipment

2009-09-30T21:32:00.000-07:00

electronic devices in general is divided into 2 parts, components
active and passive components.
Passive components include:
1. Resistor
Resistor or resistance is also called an object that can conduct electricity, but the current is difficult to flow. as in a series of aircraft electronics:
* The flow of electricity
* Dividing the voltage
* Zoom out and zoom in voltage
* Parallel distributor
* Low vibration generator
* For loadbearing

2. Inductor
Inductor is a coil of litz wire windings on a core and packaged like resistors or capacitors and resistors is known as reading, namely reading the color code.
Types of inductors on a color TV using wire windings transformer email is playback, IF transformer, switching transformer, line filter, Yoke.
3.Kapasitor
Capacitor or condenser is also called component that can store energy in a certain time without chemical reaction. Capacitor there are two types, namely ignition and non-polar polar.
So passive components generally divided into three parts. namely: resistor, inductor, capacitor.
Active components include:

1. Diode.

There are many types of diodes in the market, but on TV rectifier diodes are generally used, made from
silicon and germanium, LED, and the zener diode.
2.Transistor.
Transistor consists of 2 types, namely PNP and NPN.
3.IC (integrated circuit)
IC is divided into 2 types too, which is monolithic and hybrid

Elactronic Devices and Circuits for Frequency Modulation

2009-09-24T06:33:00.000-07:00

Alesis Multimix 16 USB 2.0 and Edirol M16DX

2009-09-24T06:22:00.001-07:00

Edirol is a reliable well-established brand for home recording products business. In addition to good quality, well supported with affordable price. M16DX Series is one of the products launched by Edirol, which is a kind of digital mixer provides 18 channels Input and 2 Output Analog-Digital. This mixer is suitable for home recording applications or personal recording.

To create a kompuer a recording studio, we just need at least an enhancement course. Equipment that is what we know now familiar with the name converter. This converter is also growing with a more modest appearance, but capable of becoming well. So if we must do the installation is relatively difficult for the lay computer, then with a USB connection, it does not need to be done. Simply by connecting the computer and the converter via a USB cable, then everything settled soon. Windows XP-based computer will be automatically detects hardware that we connect.

Electronic Circuits board from hardisk

2009-09-14T12:18:00.001-07:00

All hard drives have the logic board. Boar logic is in charge of electronic circuit controls the spindle drive, head actuator and manage data traffic.

Electronic devices and Circuits from Sharp

2009-09-13T05:59:00.000-07:00

Electronic Dictionary from SharpSharp is the RD-CM1 an electronic dictionary with a 4.1 inch touch screen, SDHC slot (8GB SDHC card), more than 130 volumes, including videos, TTS (Text to Speech) and support basic PMP features such as the ability to play the file formats Xvid, Mpeg4 , MP3, AAC, JPG, BMP, GIF and PNG and eBook reader. but unfortunately this new product is only sold in Korea alone.

Electronic Circuit For printed circuit board definition

2009-09-12T12:59:00.001-07:00

A rigid, flat board that holds chips and other electronic components. The board is made of layers, typically two to 10, that interconnect components via copper pathways. The main printed circuit board (PCB) in a system is called a "system board" or "motherboard," while smaller ones that plug into the slots in the main board are called "boards" or "cards." See flexible circuit.

Etched Circuits
The "printed" circuit is an etched circuit. A copper foil is placed over a fiberglass or plastic base of each layer and covered with a photoresist. Light is beamed through a negative image of the circuit paths onto the photoresist, hardening the areas that will remain after etching. When passed through an acid bath, the unhardened areas are washed away. The finished layers are then glued together. A similar process creates the microminiaturized circuits on a chip (see chip).

Starting in the 1940s
Printed circuits were first used in the 1940s to connect discrete components together. By the 1960s, PCBs were widely used in all electronic systems, but still mostly connecting discrete components. Integrated circuits (chip) were emerging and added to the boards, and by the 1980s, PCBs were holding large quantities of chips. Today, printed circuit boards typically connect mostly chips with only a few discrete components, each chip containing from a few thousand up to hundreds of millions of transistors. See surface mount, via, discrete component, chip, card and motherboard.

The motherboard is the primary printed circuit board in a computer. The drawing at the top shows a Baby AT style motherboard in a PC. The adapter cards plug into the expansion slots on the motherboard.

Electronic Circuit for 555 Monostable Circuit

2009-09-12T06:45:00.000-07:00

Detailed history of the 555 Timer with its internal construction.

Monostable and Astable circuits. Dark detector, Power alarms. Tilt switch. Electric eye alarm. Metronome. Timer. Schmitt triger. Morse code oscillator. Morse code monitor. Two tone speaker. Heads and tails.

Electronic Circuit Radar Detector

2009-09-12T06:33:00.000-07:00

The microwave diodes are chopper-gated by a multivibrator so the RF signal level can be detected by an audio frequency amplifier
Here should be the picture of the antenna

electronic circuit Passive Mixer

2009-09-04T10:32:00.000-07:00

Generally you want any mixing circuits to be active (i.e. to include opamp or transistor components to match and balance the inputs). However, you can squeak by in some cases with a passive mixer. Although the passive design can load down the input devices, it will work fine in many cases.

Here we are going to use an audio taper pot for each input channel:

electronic circuit Tone

2009-09-04T10:29:00.000-07:00

You can also use a pot and a handful of components to build a simple tone control that you can retrofit into any pedal that lacks one. Look at the following drawing:

The input accepts the signal. It passes through a R1 and C1 which form a filter network. R2 and C2 form the other side of the network. (Note the different component values). As you move the pot shaft, more signal is sent to one side or the other of the tone network. The wiper of the pot (lug 2) is the output. This is a simplified explanation of the tone control, but it shows how the wiper allows you “shift” the signal from one side of a circuit to another.

Electronic Circuit mixer with 3 line inputs and 3 mic inputs

2009-09-01T12:39:00.001-07:00

A simple mixer with 3 line inputs and 3 mic inputs using commonly available parts.
The mixer circuit above has 3 line inputs and 3 mic inputs.
The mic inputs are suitable for low impedance 200-1000R dynamic microphones. An ECM or condenser mic can also be used, but must have bias applied via a series resistor. As with any mixer circuit, a slight loss is always introduced. The final summing amplifier has a gain of 2 or 6dB to overcome this. The Input line level should be around 200mV RMS. The Pinouts for LM741, LF351 ,TL071 and NE5534 are shown below. Pinouts for other IC's can be found on the

Electronic Circuit 2-INPUT AUDIO MIXER

2009-09-01T12:32:00.001-07:00

The mixer consists of two transistor-based preamplifiers. The first one (designated "Mike in") offers higher gain. it works well with a regular dynamic microphone. The second one can be used to control audio input from a tape recorder/CD player.

Electronic Circuit Adjustable Timer Project

2009-08-31T09:25:00.000-07:00

Circuit diagrams show the connections as clearly as possible with all wires drawn neatly as straight lines. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram and this can be confusing for the beginner. The secret is to concentrate on the connections, not the actual positions of components.

The circuit diagram and stripboard layout for the Adjustable Timer project are shown here so you can see the difference.

A circuit diagram is useful when testing a circuit and for understanding how it works. This is why the instructions for projects include a circuit diagram as well as the stripboard or printed circuit board layout which you need to build the circuit.

10 Watt Power Amp circuit

2009-08-30T12:25:00.000-07:00

Hi-Fi Preamp

2009-08-30T12:22:00.000-07:00

Microphone electronic circuit

2009-08-30T11:58:00.001-07:00

Microphone amplifier circuit is simple, consisting of 2 levels. with wide dynamic regions, small noise, and can with a long cable about 50 meters.

This circuit uses low noise transistors are type types: BC 650 C, the transistor is hard to find so may be replaced with BC 109 is no less good. EMC or inside electret condenser mic element micriphone are very sensitive and an internal FET preamp circuit, so the voltage needs to EMC is between 2-10 volts, for that we put a resistor 1 K-10 K ohms to provide the EMS.

Electrical Engineering

2009-08-26T00:38:00.000-07:00

Electrical Engineering is the science or engineering techniques to study the properties of electrons or electrical properties are then applied to everyday life.

Electrical engineering was once divided into 2:

* Strong currents, which studied high-voltage electricity, as well as
* The current weak, studying the low voltage.

In addition, electrical engineering can be divided into:

* Electrical Engineering, especially on the electrical properties and utilization of electricity in various fields.
* Technique electronics, especially concerning the properties of electrons and their utilization in various fields.

In line with technological developments, especially in the weak current, the current concentration is divided into six, namely:

* Electric power engineering, which was once a strong current concentration
* Electronics engineering
* Telecommunication engineering
* Control engineering
* Computer engineering
* Biomedics engineering is a multidisciplinary field involving engineering, science and technological methods to solve problems in biology and medicine, to improve the quality of public health.

Electronic Devices and Circuits

2009-08-09T06:10:00.000-07:00

Electronic circuit is a series of electrical circuits or electrical components that use active electronics such as transistor and integrated circuit (IC chip). Or a series of electronic circuits can be very complex, although this circuit using the same basic principles as in ordinary electrical circuits. Electronic circuits are usually classified into three parts: a series of analog, digital sets, and a series of combinations in between.

Series associated with the electronic analog signal that changes continuously (smooth or slowly) in accordance with the information in its uterus. Some electronic equipment such as brace (amplifier), tuner, radio, television and using the analog signals, especially on the front and the end. The main components in the series of analog electronic components are passive (such as resistor, capacitor, induktor, and transformer), and active components (such as a transistor, dioda, FET, CMOS, etc.)

In the series of digital electronic, electrical signal that is used diskrit change (high or low) in accordance with the logic value (1 or 0) of the information will be processed. Electronic components that use these digital signals are logic gates, digital clock, calculator, PDA (Personal Data Assistant or pocket computer), mikroprosesor, and computers.

Series of electronic combination contains two types of analog signals and digital signals. Some examples of series that uses both kinds of signals is a benchmark (comparators), the (census or timers), PLL, ADC (Analaog-to-Digital Converter) and DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter).

Multivibrator

2009-08-09T06:05:00.000-07:00

Multivibrator is an electronic circuit that is used for various systems such as two-state oscillator, alarm, and register. This is characterized by two brace (transistor, hollow tube, op-amp, etc.) in the cross-coupling by resistor networks and condenser. Most common form is type takstabil which produces a square wave. Multivibrator derived from the term used by William Eccles and FW Jordan in the year 1919 for the circuit in a sterile tube forged it.

Inductor

2009-08-06T07:55:00.000-07:00

Inductor or a reactor is a passive electronic component that can store energy in magnetic fields caused by electric current across the it Inductor or a reactor is a passive electronic component that can store energy in magnetic fields caused by electric current across the
it. Inductor ability to store energy magnet is determined by the influence of changes in flow, in Henry. Normal its a Inductor is a wire formed into coil, coil to help create a strong magnetic fields inside the coil due to Faraday induction law.

Inductor an ideal flow changes have influence, but without detention, and does not waste resources. A Inductor in fact a combination of the influence of changes in flow, because some prisoners resistivitas wire, and some power. At a frequency, Inductor resonance circuit can be a parasite because of its capacity. In addition to squander resources on prisoners wire, with the core magnet Inductor also squander resources in the core because of the effects histeresis, and the flow may be higher because of saturation nonlinears experience.

Printed Circuit Board

2009-07-26T10:16:00.000-07:00

Printed Circuit Board or PCB is a board with a full circuit of metal that connect electronic components to one another without cables.

Circuit board to get this name because it is produced in bulk in a way of printing.

* 1936 - printed circuit board was first found by Paul Eisler, Austrian scientists who enter the circuit board into a radio.

* 1943 - United States using a circuit board with a large number of them in military radio.

* 1948 - commercialization printed circuit board in the United States.

After 1950, printed circuit board has been used massively in the electronic industry

Audio Mixer

2009-07-24T00:25:00.000-07:00

In the world of professional audio, a mixing console, whether it is analog or digital, or also called the soundboard / mixing desk (sound board) is an electronic device that combines functions (with the more popular term "mixing"), the path (routing) and the level, and the harmonization of dynamic audio signal.
Signals that have been modified and strengthened, and regulated by the end of brace or power amplifier. Audio mixer is widely used in various purposes, including studio recording, call the public system (public address) systems, sound reinforcement, broadcasting both the radio and television, post-production and film making.

An example of a simple implementation, in a musical, for example, is not efficient if we use each amplifier to strengthen every part of both performers and vocal sound equipment musical instrument played by the band surrounding it.Audio mixer here will be important as a starting point of the collectors of each microphone is connected, set the size of the sound level so that the balance of the sound level of both vocal and music will be able to be achieved before by amplifier.

Mixer is one of the most popular after the device microphone. We are more known as the mixer, most probably because we call this function so that the mix of all the incoming sound, make it two (LR if stereo, and if one mono), and send it to the cross-over to the new power amplifier and finally to the speaker.

Mixing console receive various sound sources. Able from the microphone, musical instruments, CD player, tape deck, or DAT. From this can be done easily with the input and output levels ranging from very soft to hard. If we eg an audio system as a model iu the human body, snake cable we can suppose that as a nerve system, and the mixing console as the heart. When a problem occurs with it, the system is in big problem. Salh most important one in terms of the mixing console has both input gain is good, the eq is also good. So with such settings will be made a more perfect and optimal for each microphone input, or any other sound source to be. There are many typical settings in which there is a mixing console.

Mikroprosesor

2009-07-23T13:28:00.000-07:00

A mikroprosesor (abbreviated µP or uP) is a central processing unit (CPU) electronic computer made of mini-transistor circuits and other on a semiconductor integrated circuit

Before the development mikroprosesor, CPU electronic integrated circuit made of separate TTL; previously, individual transistor; before, from the vacuum cleaner tube. In fact, there have been design for the engine computer on the basis of simple mechanical parts such as gear, shaft, lever, Tinkertoy, etc

Evolution of mikroprosesor have been known to follow Moore's Law which is the increase in performance from year to year. Formulate this theory that the power will be doubled every 18 months, a process that occurred since the beginning of the true 1970s; a surprise for people who are related. From the beginning as a driver in the calculator, the development has the power to mikroprosesor dominance in the different types of computers, each system's largest Mainframe computer to hold the smallest mikroprosesor now use as a center

Girator

2009-07-22T21:17:00.000-07:00

The use of girator is to replace induktor that is too large, heavy and expensive. For example, the filter can pass the path was built using the condenser, resistor, and brace, without induktor.

Girator circuits are often used on the Tools phone or device that is connected to the POTS system. Allows phone to be smaller. Girator also be used for graphic Equalizer hi-fi, parametrik Equalizer, pass-line filter, the filter stop-line, swishing filter, and filter signals parlormaid FM

There are a few of which use girator as induktor not possible.

High voltage, where voltage far exceeds the working voltage brace.
Frequency radio system, where the radio frequency induktor for relatively small and easily made.
Power modifier, where the coil is used as a temporary power storage

Brace

2009-07-22T21:00:00.000-07:00

Brace (English: Amplifier) is an electronics component that is used to strengthen the power (or energy in general).

In the field of audio, amplifier will amplify the sound signal (which has been expressed in the form of electric current) on the input it into electric current is stronger at the output
The amount of strengthening is often known by the term gain. Value of the gain is expressed as a function of frequency is called the transfer function
So the gain is the result of the power output (Pout) and power at the input is (Pin) in the form of a function of frequency. The size of the gain, (G) is usually the Decibel (dB). In formula form this is expressed as follows:
G (dB) = 10log (Pout / Pin)). Pout is the Power or power at the output, and Pin is the input power on it

Switch

2009-07-21T13:13:00.000-07:00

Switch is a device that is used to decide grid, or for them. So switch is essentially a tool connective or cut off the flow of electricity. In addition to a strong flow of electricity, also a small switch-shaped tool used for electronics components flow is weak

The simple switch consists of two metal lath attached to a chain, and can be connected or separate in accordance with the speed (on) or drop out (off) in the series. Contact material is selected generally so that the connection that resistant to corrosion. If the metal used is made of oxide material normal, then the switch will not work often. To reduce the effect of this corrosion, the metal contacts can not be gilded metal with anti corrosion and anti rust. basically the key can be applied to mechanical sensors, because it can serve as guidelines for setting the mikrokontroller tool in controlling

Speakers

2009-07-21T13:06:00.000-07:00

The sound loud speakers or English speakers only) is transduser change the electrical signals to audio frequency (sound) with a jar in the membrane components.

In each of the sound system, determining the quality of sound depends on the speaker. Recording the best, is coded into the tool storage of high quality, and played with a deck and the top-class sound, the only result will be ugly sound when the speaker is associated with low quality. On the speaker system is a component that carries electronic signals store them in CDs, tapes, and DVDs, and return it to the actual vote in the form that we can hear. In this article, will be explained how a speaker to do the process It also will be discussed why the speakers are designed different and how these differences cause the different effects of the same quality. Speaker is an incredible technology that provides a very large impact on our culture. But besides all that, the speakers actually is just a tool that is very simple

Microphone

2009-07-21T12:54:00.000-07:00

Microphone
Electromechanical sensors and Aktuator
Microphone is transduser electrical signal into sound. Microphone used in many instruments such as the telephone, tape recorder, hearing aids

Microphone term derived from the Greek meaning mikros and small phone, which means voice or sound. This term refers to the initial hearing aids for sound berintensitas low
The findings are very important practical microphone during the early development of the phone. Several inventors have created a primitive microphone before Alexander Graham Bell. The first commercially practical microphone was the carbon microphone found in October 1876 by Thomas Edison Alfa

Antenna

2009-07-20T23:57:00.000-07:00

* In biology, antenna (plural: antennae) refers to the sense organ of some type of arthropoda.
* In the electronics, antenna (plural: antenna) refers to a component designed to send and receive radio waves - also called aerial
* Antenna, also called ANT1, is a Greek word - terestrial canal.
* In astronomy, the Antennae is the name of the two collide, namely the galaxy NGC 4038 and NGC 4039.
* In astronomy, may refer to the antenna radio telescope

An antenna is a vital part of a sender or recipient who works for the radio signals to the air. The form of an antenna in accordance with various kinds of designs,
patterns and the distribution of frequency and gain. Antenna effective length is the length of the radio frequency waves in it. Half-wave antenna is very easy because poluler created and able to emit radio waves effectively

Transformer

2009-07-20T21:23:00.000-07:00

Elektromagnet transformer is a component that can change the extent of the AC voltage to the other leg.
Transformer working elektromagnetik based on the principle of induction. Voltage input pace through the primary cause fluks magnet that ideally all connected with the secondary winding. Fluks this pace induce GGL in the secondary winding. If perfect efficiency, all the power will be the primary winding to the secondary winding

Type of transformer
1.step-up
Step-up transformer is a transformer secondary winding having more than the primary coil, so it functions as a voltage volume. Transformer is usually found at the power plant as Volume voltage generated high voltage generator to be used in the transmission distance

2.step-down
Step-down transformer has a secondary coil than the primary coil, so it functions as a voltage volume. Transformers of this type is very easily found, especially in the AC-DC adapter.

3.autotransformator
This type of transformer only consists of one winding of the ongoing electricity, Phase flow in the secondary winding is always opposite to the primary flow, so that the power tariffs to the same secondary winding wire can be made with a more sparse than usual transformer. Autotransformator advantage of the physical size is small and the loss is lower than the two types of coil. But this type of transformer can not provide electrical isolation between the primary winding with the secondary winding.

In addition, autotransformator can not be used as a voltage penaik more than a few times (usually no more than 1.5 times).

4.Autotransformator variables
Autotransformator variable is actually the normal autotransformator the middle part can be changed, to provide comparative primary-secondary winding of change

5.Transformator isolation
Isolation transformer has a secondary winding of which is the same as the primary coil, so the secondary voltage is the same as the primary voltage. But in some designs, the secondary coil is made a little more. Transformer such as this serves as insulation between the two prop. For the implementation of audio, this type of transformer has been replaced by clutch capacitors.

6.Transformator credits
Balance transformer is a transformer designed to balance the output wave. Using this type of transformer core material is saturated, so quickly after the primary current reaches a certain point, fluks magnet stops changing. Because GGL induction coil in the secondary form only if the changes occur fluks magnet, transformer output only when the core is not saturated, ie when the flow in the coil primary turn directions.

7.Transformator 3 phase
Transformer 3 phase transformer is actually three linked specifically to one another. Primary winding is usually connected in star (Y) and the secondary winding connected in delta

Dioda

2009-07-20T19:20:00.000-07:00

In electronics, dioda is the active component which has two channels (dioda termionik may have a third channel as heating). Dioda has two active electrode where the signaling can flow, and most dioda used because the characteristics of one-way too. Dioda varikap (Variable Capacitor / condenser variable) is used as a condenser voltage restrained.

Most common function of dioda is to allow the flow of electric current in a direction (called forward subsistence conditions) and to withhold from the direction of the flow (the condition is called subsistence reverse). Therefore, dioda can be considered as a version of the electronic valve.

Start from the beginning dioda is crystal peranti Cat's Whisker and the empty tube (also called valve termionik). Currently dioda the most common are made from semiconductor materials such as Silicon or germanium.

Although dioda crystal (semiconductor) dipopulerkan before dioda termionik, dioda termionik and crystals developed separately at the same time. The principle of working dioda termionik discovered by Frederick Guthrie in 1873 [1] Meanwhile, the working principles of dioda crystals found in the year 1874 by German researchers, Karl Ferdinand Braun [2].

At the time of discovery, such as this peranti known as the referrer. In the year 1919, William Henry Eccles introduced the term dioda that comes from the two means, and Ode (from ?d??) means "path"

Computer

2009-07-19T12:19:00.000-07:00

Computer is a tool that is used to process documents according to procedures that have been formulated. The word computer is used to describe people who work to do arithmetic calculations, with or without hearing aids, but the meaning of these words and then moved to the machine itself. First origin, processing information almost exclusively related to the arithmetic problem, but modern computers are used for many tasks not related to mathematics.

In such definition, there are tools like a slide rule, the type of mechanical calculator, to which all contemporary electronic computers. Term better suited to a broad sense such as "computer" is "to process the information" or "information processing system.

Oscilloscope

2009-07-18T12:05:00.000-07:00

Oscilloscope is electronic equipment that produces a graph display on the screen to see the waves and the electronic signal that is measured.

electronic measuring instruments all work based on the example document, the higher the sample data, the electronic equipment is accurate. On the Oscilloscope, generally have a sample document which is very high, and therefore are generally oscilloscope electronic measuring instrument that expensive

Example of how it works. for example, have an oscilloscope sample rate 10Ks / s (10kilo sample / second = 10,000 documents / second reading will be doing as much as 10,000 times in sedetik. If that is measured with a wave frequency 2500Hz, then each instance document will load the document 1 / 4 of a waves are commonly shown full screen in the XY graph scale.

Condenser

2009-07-17T11:32:00.000-07:00

Condenser, or often referred to as the capacitor is a tool that can save energy in the electric field, the way the internal imbalance of electric load. Condenser has a unit called the Farad name of Michael Faraday. Condenser is also known as the "capacitor", but the word "condenser" is still used to this. First called by a scientist Alessandro Volta in Italy in 1782 (from the Italian condensatore), regarding the ability of equipment to save a load of electrical components other than high. Most of the languages and countries that do not use the English language still refers to the Italian word "condensatore", French condensateur, Indonesia and Germany or Spain Condensador condenser.

identify in the condenser has two legs and two poles, namely the positive and negative and has a liquid electrolyte and generally tubular.

The type of the one most of the value of capacity is lower, does not have any positive or negative pole on the legs, mostly rounded-shaped flat brown, red, green and other such as tablets or shirt button.

However, customs and language articulation condition and each country depending on the people who call more often. Now the habit is the only one of the most dominant use or more often heard. At the present time, is often called the capacitor condenser (capacitor) or vice versa on the science of electronics is abbreviated with the letter (C)..

Transistor

2009-07-12T08:16:00.000-07:00

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much larger than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computer and other electronic systems. The transistor is often cited as being one of the greatest achievements in the 20th century, and some consider it one of the most important technological breakthroughs in human history. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.

Resistor

2009-07-10T18:02:00.000-07:00

Resistor is a two channel electronic components which are designed to keep out the flow of electricity to produce a decrease in tension between the two in accordance with the flow channel through which, based on the Ohm law: V = IR I = V / R.
Resistor is used as part of the electronic networks and electronic circuits, and is one of the components that most frequently used. Resistor can be made from various components and film, even resistansi wires (wires made of nickel-chromium). Main characteristics of the resistor is resistansi and power that can be wasted. Other characteristics including the temperature coefficient, electrical wheeze. Resistor can be integrated into hybrid circuits and printed circuit boards, and even integrated circuits. The size and location depends on the leg circuit design, resistor must be large enough so that the physical does not become too hot when the power waste.

Integrated Circuit ( IC )

2009-07-09T05:18:00.000-07:00

Integrated Circuit (IC) is an electronic component made of semi-conductor material, where the IC is a combination of several components such as resistor, capacitor, Dioda and transistors that have been integrated into a series of small-shaped chip, IC is used for the purpose of making some electronic equipment that easily become a bunch of equipment in the relatively small size.
Before the IC, almost all electronic devices made from single-unit components (individual) that are connected to each other using a wire or cable, so it appears to have a large and not practical.
The development of electronics technology continues to grow with the more complete type of IC which is provided for a series of Linear and Digital, so that the electronic equipment products year appear increasingly small and powerful

The weakness of the IC

2009-07-08T04:44:00.000-07:00

The weakness of the IC, among others, is limited in the face of the excess flow of electricity, in which electric current can cause excessive heat in the components, so that small components such as IC akan arise easily damaged if excessive heat.
Similarly, the IC constraints in the face of great tension, where a large voltage can damage the layer of insulator between the components in the IC
Examples of damage, for example, a brief relationship occurred between the one with the other components in the IC, when this happens, the IC can be damaged and not useful.

The benefits of IC (Advantages)

2009-07-08T04:33:00.000-07:00

IC has been used widely in different fields, one field of industry Dirgantara, where a series of electronic control will be small and concise so that it can reduce the weight of Satellite, the computer design can be very complex in permudah, so that many components can be reduced and the size of the motherboard it may be. Other examples such as IC used in the electronic calculator (a calculator), the mobile phone (mobile phone), which form relatively small.
In the era of advanced technology at this time, electronic equipment are required in order to have any size and light weight may be small, and it may be possible with the use of IC.
Besides the size and weight of a small IC and lightweight, IC also provides another advantage when compared with the circuit-circuit keonvensional use a lot of components, IC circuit with a relatively small source only consume less energy and does not generate heat so that it does not require excessive cooling (cooling system).

GPS

2009-07-07T20:53:00.000-07:00

Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only satellite navigation system that works properly. This system uses 24 satellites that send signals to Earth Microwave. Signal is received by the recipient in the tool surface, and is used to determine position, speed, direction, and time. System similar to GPS anatara other Russian GLONASS, Galileo the European Union, India IRNSS.

This system was developed by the Department of Defense the United States, with the full name is NAVSTAR GPS (common mistake is that the NAVSTAR is an acronym, this is wrong, NAVSTAR is the name given by John Walsh, an important policy determination in the GPS program). [1] This collection of satellites managed by the 50th Space Wing United States Air Force. Treatment system is approximately U.S. $ 750 million per year, [2] including the replacement of older satellites, and research and development.

Remote Control

2009-06-07T20:40:00.000-07:00

Remote Control is an electronic tool that is used to operate the machine from a distance.
Glossary of remote control is also often abbreviated to "remote" only. In general, the remote control is used to give commands to the distance from the television or electronic goods such as stereo systems and DVD players. Remote control devices for this form of objects, usually small wireless hand held in a suite with a button to adjust the various settings, such as television channel, track number, and volume. In fact, on most modern equipment with a control like this, it has a remote control controls all functions while the device that is itself only has a little control of the main fundamental. Most of the remote communicate with each levying signal through infra-red signal and some time via radio signals. Usually use the remote control batteries AAA or AA that small portion as charged.