Power generation systems that have been commonly used is an AC voltage generator engines, where the main mover can type turbine engines, diesel engines or propeller engines. In the operation of power plants with a generator, because the reliability factors and fluctuations in the load, provided two or more generators are operated with constant duty, reserve and turns to these generators.Provision of a single generator for continuous operation is a risky thing, except when rotating with the source of PLN or UPS equipment.
To meet the increased electrical load generators are operated in parallel between the generator or generators in parallel with other sources of supply for example greater than PLN.
Thus it is also necessary electrical load divider means to prevent any source of electricity generators working primarily parallel experience more burden precedes the other
Generator Operating In Parallel
Electricity supply to the load begins to turn a generator, then gradually added weight to the ability of the generator, then turn on again the next generator and generator memparalelkan the first to bear the burden even greater. When the second generator paralleled with the first generator is expected to bear the burden of sharing the burden borne by the generator which had been the first, resulting in ease of cooperation before the next burdens included.
How big is the load distribution incurred by each generator, which works in parallel will depend on the amount of input fuel and combustion air for diesel engines, when the main diesel engine drive or if the engines driving the other depending on the number (debit) of water into water turbines , the number (enthalpy) of steam / gas to the turbine steam / gas or air flow to the engine propeller.
Number of input fuel / air, water vapor / gas or air flow is controlled by the equipment or the governor-driven valve which receives signals from the change in electrical frequency is stable at 50Hz,
which is equivalent to changing rotation (rpm) engine electric generator prime mover. When electrical load increase the frequency will decrease, so that governors must increase the input (fuel / air, water, steam / gas or air flow) to the main drive engine to increase its frequency until the frequency returned to normal electricity. Conversely if the load down, governor machines should reduce the input power the fuel / air, water, water vapor / gas or air flow to the engines that drive spins down to its normal cycle or frequency returned to normal at 50 Hz. If there is no governor the machine prime mover overspeed generator will experience a sudden fall when the load or will experience electrical overload when the load increases.
Principle Tool Generator Load Dividers
Governor operate on machines that drive generators to produce output currents can be adjusted from 0% to 100% capacity. So the input to the engine output drive current is proportional to the generator or in other words the governor setting to 0% to 100% proportional to the flow generator with a 0% to 100% in voltage and constant frequency.
Governor hydraulic work / mechanical, while the input signal from the output of the electrical current generator, so that this input should be changed to using elektric mechanical actuators to move the electric motors that produce mechanical motion required by the governor.
In some generators that operate in parallel, as previously identified voltage, frequency, and sequence phasa different phasanya, changes in electrical load will not be felt by each generator in the amount of voltage and frequency for the load is still below the total capacity of the parallel, so that the voltage and frequency is not used as a signal source for the governor.
Was used for the current output of each signal generator as a source of burden sharing parallel system such generators.
When paralleled generators burden sharing has not balanced / proportional to the ability of each generator. Load generator tool distributor is attached to each generator output circuit, and each distributor load devices are connected in parallel with the next one with a cable to add signal output current of each generator and the summing signal flow capacity of each generator.
Generator output current detected by means of dividing the load will be the governor's position clue how%, or currents through what% of generator capacity. Results for the sum of the currents detected by means of dividing the load by the number of current generators the ability to operate in parallel multiplied by 100 (%) is the governor's position value to be achieved by each prime mover engine that produces output currents proprosional and in accordance with their capabilities each generator.
If the size of the generator as the amount of current detected by each instrument load divider is divided by the number of generator load current that must be produced by a generator after governornya modified by the electric actuator that receives signals from the instrument as soon as the quota burden paralleled generators.
Technical Installation
In practice the load divider tool fitted with the help of generator components such as the following: current transformer, voltage transformer (as the power supply), electric actuators, speed control potentiometer and switches help. See pengkabelannya diagram in Figure 1.
1. Current transformer transducer functions as a generator output current to flow for the appropriate signal to the load generator tool distributor (usually a maximum of 5 A or 100% = maximum generator capacity)
2. Voltage transformer serves as a resource for the load divider tool, generally with a voltage 110 V AC, 50 Hz; assisted adapter for DC voltage.
3. Electric actuators are devices that receive signals from the load distributor means so as to move the DC motors in the governor until the generator output current reaches the expected.
4. Speed control potentiometer is a primary tool to regulate the frequency and voltage when the generator will be parallel or in the process of synchronization. Voltage is generally set by the AVR, so that the voltage fluctuation is only influenced by the mover engine rotational speed. After the generator is operated paralelkan or already in sync with what has been in operation and closed MCCB generator, speed control potentiometer function was taken over by means of dividing the load generator. To more accurately setting the synchronization speed in the process manually, there is usually a potentiometer and the potentiometer regulating regulator smooth rough.
5. In the automatic control system pemaralelan generators can be made by SPM (pemaralel generator module) by regulating voltage and frequency output of the generator, and then match the voltage and frequency with which the system is working automatically, after the match to give closure to the MCCB signal generator so that the join in parallel operation . To match the voltage and frequency can be seen in one panel is used with synchronous for some generators where each generator has a switch panel as well synchronized his SPM.
In Figure 2 indicated the use of a generator load divider in a control system of power generators, machine controls and management burden activator. (File power generation control).
f. The switches help to divide the load generator tool serves as a manual distribution process (release & capture) load by a generator which operates in parallel systems. For example, * the switch 1 is closed to minimize the diesel fuel that is released .* burden to switch into 3 covered in class speed (rated speed) which means taking the load from the generator to the electrical load lightened.
After the generators operate in parallel, generators with a load divider always responded actively raising any action or decrease in electrical load, so that each generator bear the burden with the same percentage measured by the ability of each
Conclusion
1. Load generator tool distributor is a uniform automated equipment operations in the governor power to raise or lower the engine or generator power according to load changes, and very necessary if you have more than two generators with different characteristics that operate in parallel.
2. By means of dividing the load generators, each generator has a usage factor (divided by the maximum load capacity of the generator) the same and small, which means good.
3. Load changes due to income or expenditure of the parallel system generator generators will be felt equally by each generator in the system they will, without overload or overspeed.
4. Load generator tool distributors can only be applied to the engine generator-set that has the governor and could be developed for control systems such further control by a distributed control system (DCS)
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